A rare garden does without a compost heap. And where else to put the grass torn from the beds? If management on the earth is conducted by book methods, or to throw out it out of site limits, or to prepare compost from waste.
The happiness of the cottager, if the land was virgin, that is, before it is not plowed, it is planted. It was vacant and uncomfortable. Garbage was taken out, not every tractor driver agreed to plow, fearing a piece of iron in the depths. But what crops were!
Not everyone received a new plot for use, more often than not there is not one generation of cabbage grown. But everyone knew (or rather thought they knew) how to make compost, how to use it. Problems with phytosanitary cleanliness were not immediately detected, because no one even thought that personally made fertilizer can be harmful. Who thought about what happens in a compost box or pile? Nobody!
What is the harm of compost
In compost, as well as in a manure heap, there are processes of decay. You say that in nature they too are? True, but how can you compare the expansion of a leaf and tons of greens on the compost? In nature, there are useful microorganisms that do not give pathogens the upper hand. And there are no natural protectors in the compost box.
What do you usually put in it? All sorts of garden and kitchen waste. Weed grass, tomato Stepsons, zucchini whips that are usually removed from the garden at the end of fruiting due to the fact that the leaves are grayed.
Rotten bread with the smell of mold. Of course, with obvious signs of rot, no one especially moldy piece to throw will not. But are our eyes like a microscope and can see everything at high magnification? While the mycelium develops in a piece of bread, you will not notice it, but it will germinate in a pile!
What did the compost Richard Schroeder
He considered any waste tuberous and leguminous plants. There also send aquatic plants that were caught from the ponds in the manor houses during their cleaning, sawdust, branches, small chips. And dead animals, if they fell not from a contagious disease, and the ash from the combustion of wood, and even soap water. The main component – always weed grass, which is very much in the traditional technology of tillage. To fertilizer turned out richer than a simple ground sheet, recommended to add to the pile the manure slurry and the contents of latrines. Schroeder man in agricultural circles was known, so it seems to me that the eggs of intestinal parasites he settled in this way so actively that they are still in the ground more than the soil.
In short, everything that gets into the pile carries a parasite. Comments of the scientists-farmers on the inadmissibility of composting diseased plants lost in vain. In addition to the pathogenic microflora, the compost contains a large number of ammonia compounds formed during the rotting of dead fiber. So their hands produce sores on their own site, and then buy chemicals to deal with them. And we begin a new circle of care for the garden with the laying of a new compost, which will go to fertilizing, fertilizing the beds, growing seedlings.
There are methods that are considered suitable for decontamination of the soil under the seedlings:
- Pour boiling water.
- Heat in oven.
- Heat on a baking sheet or pan.
- Treat with a solution of potassium permanganate.
That’s what gardeners do. And what do you get:
- humic acids — natural soil fertility, destroyed at a temperature of + 45… + 55°C;
- nutrients and capillaries of the soil is destroyed, the beneficial micro-organisms die;
- pathogenic microorganisms are more resistant, especially putrefactive.
Make a conclusion! The sense of such thermal procedures is so small that it is not necessary to start them.
Compost in the usual way: time-consuming and long
On the preparation of compost in piles, boxes and pits already written so much that dwell on these methods only for a minute. Write something easy, but it is difficult to do.
First, calculate how much money will be required for the manufacture of wooden walls of the compost box, taking into account the rotting of wood. How many years? Enough force to stir the heavy weight in the box? Usually understand that it’s hard, because next to set the other box to the first just to shovel the contents of the second. At the same time it is necessary to disassemble the Board about half the height, otherwise not everyone will master the work. And compost will be prepared almost a handful, and he also on beds should be carried. From the pits to pull for tedding or throwing into another hole even harder. And I-the supporter of the minimum on labor input and time of works.
Compost the easy way: learning from nature
You can make your work easier if you go to the forest on a tour. The best time the end of the summer-the beginning of fall, when mushrooms are rising. Where there is a lot of mushrooms one long pile on the ground located under the grass lies the fallen several years ago tree. No one was hiding, the hole dug for him — it was lying on top of itself beneath the soil are gone.
In nature, there are mechanisms that regulate the ratio of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms, because every year everything blooms and turns green. So, the most profitable thing is to leave all plant waste in place. If you want to make the site beautiful, it is better to rake them in the beds. This mulch, and protection at the same time. Believe, that have learned have of nature to do compost.
How to make compost beds
What is the difference between a vegetable garden and a compost heap? In the compost heap (pit) all rotting. Not in the garbage can. There are almost natural processes: herbs begin to grow, earthworms, wood lice find food, vegetables grow there, isolating special substances from the roots to create convenient forms of nutrients. For beds, this option looks like this: along the ridge in the middle you need to dig a ditch flat cutter, deep enough to put it all the greens, which has already outlived its age. On top of the same flat cutter throw the soil, which was removed from the ditch. All, the compost pit is ready.
What is the benefit of such a design? Plant residues are few, there will be no decay processes — they will not have time to play out — earthworms will carry everything away and process. So it only takes one fall and one winter for do not compost in the pit, and the beds fertilized with compost. It’s time to sow cabbage or plant tomatoes in the ground, and the bed is waiting for you.
You can make a more time-consuming option. From two neighboring beds to build soil shafts, between them to put vegetable raw materials, a little alternating with its soil. Here you can put branches, twigs, sawdust, but close them with earth must.
On the sides of these rollers can be something to grow, for example, dill or salad. And in the space between them in the spring to sow pumpkins or zucchini, tomatoes, too, like it. But here heavy earthworks more at times. There is another simple option: you need to build a mound of greenery and kitchen waste. How green it is, so the height of the mound work. It can be an impressive size, if the winter froze the trees and had to remove the trunks and gnarled branches. This is the “wealth” needs to be put into the base of the hill. On top-the tops of potatoes, tomatoes, then pumpkin lashes, sometimes throwing up land for communication, although it is not necessary. Water and can trample down, still to the state of asphalt will not trample down. The top layer is the soil.
And at once sow or plant, but under every root be sure to handle the plane do a wide-mouthed cone, to fill the earth. Okay! And compost is cooked and the vegetables grow.
Convenient, although also need to carry out some actions to get rid of parasitic microorganisms.
Humates for soil improvement
If you do not use manure and humus, new portions of the infection do not fall into the garden soil. The soil itself can improve its health, but it will take quite a long time. Speed up the process will help humates-natural compounds, which are the essence of the soil.
What they do:
- a huge amount of nutrients (in snow, frost, soil) is inaccessible to plants form. Humates all together will gather, turn into a form that is available to plants. At the same time, they will also help to choose the desired element from the entire list, save the gardener from buying mineral fertilizers and their application to the soil of beds;
- reduce the acidity of the soil, thereby freeing it from the wireworm and the most malicious weeds;
- clean the soil from pathogenic microorganisms;
- keep useful soil microflora, restore the real collective of soil inhabitants;
- do not allow to accumulate harmful substances in the fruits of plants.
It matters! Because so far all the smart books say that the mineral nutrition of plants, and actually — carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen. All these substances are extracted from the air plants! Nitrogen helps to get soil bacteria if they are not killed by fertilizers, manure and compost mixed with ammonia.
Conclusion: the less work we do, the more harvest we get! Tell your friends gardeners how you can facilitate the work on the preparation of useful compost for plants and soil.