Late summer and early autumn is a favorite time for mushroom pickers. What a pleasure to wander through the forest, when the summer heat was already asleep, there were much less pesky mosquitoes and midges. And what beauty in this time in the forest! The trees are painted in bright autumn outfits, the first yellow leaves swirl in the clear air. Around the quiet, only the rare voices of birds violate this idyll.
And here’s what we came here for: birch stump or an old fallen tree trunk, all studded with light-brown mushrooms. How many almost childish joy takes the pickers found treasures! But be careful! Well, if we know all the mushrooms, because among them there are poisonous ones that need to be unmistakably recognized.
There are so-called conditionally edible, which, when properly prepared, become completely harmless. And there are those that are classified as deadly poisonous-it is very dangerous mushrooms.
A special danger lies in the fact that many of them are disguised as edible, and they can be distinguished only with sufficient experience and knowledge. This publication presents 10 species of poisonous mushrooms. Almost all of them belong to the group of lamellar, that is, on the lower side of the cap they have plates.
Amanita phalloides
It belongs to the category of deadly poisonous mushrooms. Its habitat-forests located in the southern regions of the country, where it occurs throughout the summer and early autumn.
The fungus is quite large, forms a wide hat 10-15 cm in diameter, convex, pale greenish-olive color. Young birds resemble mushrooms because of the bent down edges of the cap, which then becomes almost flat.
Leg white, drawn up to 12-15 cm in length. Just below the hat there is a characteristic ring resembling a fringed skirt, and at the bottom of the leg there is a thickening. The smell and taste of the fungus are absent. Amanita phalloides is a bit like edible mushrooms, with insufficient experience they are easy to confuse. Even eaten 1/3 of the fungus causes fatal poisoning, and no treatment methods eliminate the toxic effect. The danger is also that the signs of poisoning appear not earlier than 6 hours after use, and sometimes even after 2 days.
Amanita verna
Throughout the summer, Amanita verna grows in the forests. The hat is white, up to 10 cm in diameter, semi-prostrate shape with a slightly ribbed edge. The flesh has an unpleasant smell.
The leg is also white, 7-12 cm long, hollow, covered with flake scales, in the lower part has a swelling. The ring on the leg is wide, slightly striped.
The fungus belongs to the class of deadly poison.
Amanita pantherina
Meets in the second half of summer and autumn. The cap of the fungus is up to 12 cm in diameter, in his youth has the shape of a bell, but then becomes prostrate. Its color varies from light brown to olive, the entire surface is strewn with multiple white spots. The flesh is also white with a repulsive odor.
Thin and hollow leg reaches 13 cm in length. The top narrows, and the bottom forms a thickening. The fungus is similar to harmless fly agaric gray-pink, but it is deadly poisonous. Poisoning occurs quickly: within 20 minutes to 2 hours after eating.
Amanita muscaria
It is widespread enough. It is common in all forests, especially birch forests, where it grows singly or in small groups.
This is a big and beautiful mushroom. On high thick leg, surrounded by a ring, is a large bright red hat (sometimes orange), dotted with numerous white spots. Young mushrooms she rounded, but further acquires the PLANO-convex form.
Amanita muscaria is not considered deadly poisonous. It has intoxicating and hallucinogenic properties. Such signs may appear in 20 minutes-2 hours after taking a large number of mushrooms. In small doses, fly agaric is used as a drug.
Tricholoma pardinum
In late summer and early autumn occurs in deciduous, especially oak forests, but can grow in a pine forest. The hat is painted in a dirty white or pale gray color, from 4 to 12 cm in diameter, from the convex becomes almost flat, and the edges are wrapped inside. Leg white up to 8 cm long, about 3 cm in diameter. It has a pleasant taste and smell.
Very poisonous mushroom. After taking it in food poisoning symptoms appear after a period of 1.5 to 4 hours.
Galerina marginata
Mushrooms usually grow in small groups in the woods on strongly rotted tree trunks throughout the summer. Mushroom cap 1-4 cm in diameter, the color is dirty yellow-brownish, bell-convex gradually becomes almost flat. The leg is 2-5 cm long, thin, thickened at the bottom, with a yellowish ring, above which it is as if sprinkled with a powdery bloom.
One of the most poisonous mushrooms. Galerina marginata can be mistaken for Kuehneromyces mutabilis.
Hypholoma fasciculare
Usually likes settle large groups on rotting trunks coniferous trees, on old stumps or about them on soil. It occurs throughout the summer and until late autumn.
Hat 2-7 cm in diameter, in young fungi has a bell-shaped, then prostrate, yellowish or brown-yellow color, to the center gradually darkens. Leg grows up to 10 cm, thin, light yellow.
The flesh of the fungus is light, has a bitter taste and a rather unpleasant smell. From other mushrooms, this mushroom has a different color of the gills under the cap: in Hypholóma laterítium they greenish. Signs of poisoning occur 1-6 hours after eating.
Agaricus xanthodermus
The fungus is common in forests, as well as urban parks and squares, where it grows rapidly after rains.
Mushroom hat adults wide, becoming campanulate shape, white or light gray. Leg length from 6 to 15 cm, white, at the bottom has a thickening with a white two-layer ring. When cooking there is a strong carbolic smell, quite unpleasant.
The fungus is poisonous, but not deadly.
Lepiota brunneoincarnata
Usually it can be seen in the meadows, but also found in cities: in parks and lawns.
Mushroom small — cap diameter of not more than 6 cm Leg short, fat, has a fibrous ring. Hat gray-brown or cream-brown top strewn with dark scales, with age becomes convex-prostrate shape with pubescent edges. Highly poisonous mushroom with a high content of cyanides.
Boletus satanas
Tubular mushroom. Forms a symbiosis with trees such as Linden, oak, beech, chestnut and others. It has similarities with the edible Boletus luridus, inexperienced mushroom pickers easy to make a mistake.
Large mushroom with a cushion-shaped hat up to 20 cm in diameter, light gray or ochre-white. With the bottom side you can see the sponge, consisting of tubules with red stomata. Leg 10 cm in length, thick (up to 6 cm in diameter), yellowish, has a red mesh at the bottom. Old mushrooms emit a very unpleasant smell.
Some habitats are deemed to have been poisonous, and with appropriate treatment it eat. However, reliable data on the safety of this fungus is not, so do not experiment on yourself and your loved ones.
Collecting mushrooms, you need to be careful and cautious. Never take a mushroom if you doubt its safety.
Dear readers, share in the comments what poisonous mushrooms are found in your area, and how you distinguish between edible and poisonous mushrooms.