My home is my fortress. Today, this phrase is commonly used when describing a reliable and strong home. Although it was originally a legal term. “Fortress doctrine” — one of the principles of law, which appeared in 1604 in England and is now widely used in the legislation of most us States and some other countries.
The meaning of this doctrine is the inviolability of the home and the right of the owner to protect his property. However, the citizens exercise the stand your ground all the same construction methods. For example, a reliable fence device. Here are some of these fences phase will be discussed.
Building stone
One of types of such reliable protections – concrete fences-designs from concrete goods. The second option is the construction of a solid wall of piece materials. In the construction classification of all the variety of blocks of concrete, ceramics, silicate and rocks called building stone. There are artificial (made by man) and natural (natural) stones for construction.
Natural stones for construction
Natural stone in construction (in addition to non-metallic materials such as rubble and gravel) is used in the form of rubble and blocks. Different types of minerals are used: limestone, Sandstone, tuff, shell rock, granite, marble. The choice depends on what rocks are common in a particular area.
Rubble stone is untreated pieces of rock or boulders. They have linear dimensions of no more than 500 mm and a weight not exceeding 40 kg, because with larger copies of the Mason hard to work. Blocks of different sizes are made of natural stone, depending on the raw material and purpose.
Artificial building stones
The modern range of artificial building blocks is very wide. The most famous is the standard building brick, ceramic or silicate. It is produced of two types:
- 250x120x65 mm-normal;
- 250x120x88 mm-modular.
From the same raw materials and produce larger building stones-wall blocks: conventional (250x120x138 mm), enlarged (250x250x138 mm) and modular (288x138x138 mm).
For the construction of wall structures used and concrete products. From heavy concrete make small blocks. The most typical size is 390x190x188 mm. The limitation in size has the same reasons: the building stone must have a weight acceptable for human work-a maximum of 35-40 kg.
Lightweight concretes are cellular (foam and aerated concrete), with porous mineral (expanded clay concrete, cinder concrete) or organic fillers (arbolite, polystyrene concrete). They are used for the manufacture of larger blocks, for example, having dimensions of 625x400x250 mm, although their weight also does not exceed 40 kg.
Varieties of stone fences
Stone fences, regardless of the source material is not too diverse in appearance. As a rule, it is a wall with buttresses of support columns rhythmically located on all extent.
A special case of such a fence is a combination of masonry plinth and pillars with easier filling of the fence sections. This method is easier in all senses: the fence is visually perceived not so monumental, weighs less physically, respectively, costs less.
The materials for the fence sections and the degree of transparency of the fence wall the owner can choose at his discretion and solvency. In such a design, all the previously considered options of materials are used to create fences.
Completely deaf stone fences can be classified according to several parameters, in addition to the naturalness or artificiality of materials.
According to the type of masonry:
- front — when no additional finishing is required. The material is both constructive and decorative.
For decorative finishing of masonry using facing bricks (with quality or with decorative surface), natural stone.
- rough-the pillars and the fence itself in this way are made of materials that require subsequent finishing: plastering, cladding.
For creation of such fences usually apply various building concrete blocks or usual (not decorative) a brick. Although you can, if the stone you have, as they say, piled up, fold the fence and stones, and then plaster it.
At the device of a fence from a brick use the same receptions, as well as at construction of walls. The pattern of masonry can be anything.
When working with natural stone masonry technique depends on the type of stone selected.
Rubble
There are several varieties of rubble masonry suitable for the construction of the fence:
- Simple
It is made of rubble stones of any shape. The Builder selects suitable stones and lays them, connecting them with a solution. The formed voids between separate large stones are filled with a solution with crushed stone.
- Under a bracket
A more structured form of masonry. Stones of the same size (according to a template — “under a bracket”) for all wall or at least for one row are selected. The selected stones are laid similarly to block masonry-with dressing.
- Under the shoulder blade
For this type of masonry, stones with at least 2 flat sides of approximately the same size are selected. Masonry is performed similarly to the block: a trowel (shovel) is applied a sufficiently thick layer of solution, the stones are stacked in a staggered position for ligation of seams.
- Under pouring
The laying “under pouring” is carried out in a timbering, without selection of stones and bandaging of seams. Cavities are filled with a solution.
- Layered
For this type of masonry use bream (layered) stone, which is easily pricked on the plate more or less the same thickness. It is considered the most ancient type of masonry. Stone plates are laid flat side.
- Dry
Another 1 kind of ancient masonry. Produced without the use of a solution: the stones are carefully selected and kept in place due to its own weight. It is clear that this is the most time-consuming way.
Block masonry
When used for the construction of fencing blocks of natural stone masonry methods are no different from the device fences using artificial materials.
Gabions
1 more variety of fences from a natural stone-fences from gabions-grids (or cages) filled with stones. Currently, the mesh is mainly used metal. To create a fence, you can buy ready-made designs or make a cage for stones on the spot, welding it from a rod.
About the cost of stone fences
Fences made of stone-artificial and natural, perhaps the most expensive. They require significant preparatory work-heavy structures can not do without a reliable Foundation. High cost and materials, especially if you plan to make a fence of face brick or natural stone. Builders will also ask for the construction of such a fence around the site decent money, because a free-standing wall is experiencing a much greater load than the same in the house.
The price of a fence made of artificial or natural stone depends on the complexity of the work, the height of the fence, its thickness (masonry, especially made of natural stone, can be quite massive), as well as the cost of the material.
Please share in the comments, from what material you would like to have a fence on your site, and what there is already now.