It is difficult to imagine a modern cottage without several electric saws for various purposes. For operations on separation of various materials and products, a range of mechanized tools are now used to accurately and quickly cut wood, thin metal, plastic and foam materials.
Particularly frequently demanded in everyday life the manual model. About them and will be discussed in this article.
General regularity
The review of saw designs is appropriate to start with the study of their working body, similar to all models-the system of cutting teeth (in chain saws and chipping). It provides the separation of the chip and removes it from cut points.
Rechargeable chain saw
The teeth of the cutting tool have a wedge shape, and their sizes are determined by the type of material to be processed. For sawing wood and light metals use a tool made of carbon steel with hardening of cutting teeth. More qualitative tool — bimetallic, with higher cutting ability. Its teeth are made of high-speed steel and welded to the base of the tool with an electron beam.
Types of saws vary depending on the trajectory and type of cutting tool:
- with a cutting disc on (disc);
- reciprocating saw blade with tool (saw blade);
- with movement of the tool in the form of a chain, a tape, a rope on the closed trajectory (chain, tape, rope).
Modern saws provide high quality of a cut (a flat form and a minimum of chips), safety of a front and back surfaces of the processed products. This happens as a result:
- rational choice of the stiffness of the tool,
- use antiscale forming devices,
- applications of trajectory sensors in the form of laser beams and bus guides of various designs.
The latter are not only rigid, but also flexible. This allows, twisting them, placed in a suitcase with a saw. The most widely used guide tires with circular saws, providing a significant length of cut.
All designs of manual mechanized saws (except saws on a gasoline drive) are issued on the basis of the electric drive, generally network. And recently-and battery. The electric drive is manifold, often with a manual speed controller, providing the choice of the required speed range, and an automatic speed stabilizer. Individual saw designs are equipped with chip removal device.
Circular saw
Consider the basic design of manual electric power mains.
Felisatti circular saw
Circular saws-saws of rotational action (circular), intended for longitudinal and transverse sawing of wood. Long straight cuts are made with a steel saw blade. The propyl provides a part of the disk located below the surface of the base plate.
Cutting a large sheet of plywood is performed on the guides
The base plate is made of aluminum alloy in the form of a frame with grooves for installation on the guide rails has sufficient rigidity. The saw body connected with base plate through the elastic hinge dosed to bury the cutting blade into the material. The accuracy of the sinking is controlled by a special scale. For inclined sawing there is a manual device with a lock for the installation of a transverse angle in the range from 0°to 45°.
Sighting frame saws Skil to provide accurate and propyl
Drive-gear. To increase the depth of cut spindle is located below the longitudinal axis of the engine. The required rigidity of the motor housing is provided by the use of reinforced plastics. The gearbox housing is usually made of aluminum alloys. The main handle of the closed type provides convenient control of the machine.
To circular saw can be connected to an aspiration system for removing chips
The drive has a brake to stop the saw blade quickly for 1.5-2 seconds. It is needed for convenience and safety.
To protect the operator are provided:
- electric actuator activation lock;
- waste suction system;
- the protective cover of the saw blade pendulum type, consisting of fixed and movable parts.
The movable part of the cover closes the lower part of the saw blade. During operation, it rotates around its axis, opening the cutting part of the tool. On the fixed casing from the side of the incoming part of the disk, a special knife is installed, which eliminates the possibility of pinching the disk with the halves of the sawn Board.
The main parameters of this type of tool are:
- cutting depth at perpendicular and inclined (at an angle of 45°) cuts;
- diameter of the disc and its mounting hole;
- the frequency of rotation of idling.
The Skil saw can be tilted up to 45° to the horizon line
Typically, the depth of cut at a perpendicular cut is up to 85 mm. However, there are machines that provide a cut depth of up to 132 mm.
The power tool is equipped with saw blades with a different number of teeth, their size and geometry of the cutting parts, providing sawing of any wood, plywood, chipboard, plastics, aerated concrete, drywall, non-ferrous metal products.
Cutting the workpiece on the conductor
It would seem that in the canonical design of the circular saw all brought to perfection. However, the creators of this technology can consistently disclose its reserves due to small technological steps. This fully applies to the recently created Bosch saws GKS 55+ g Professional and GKS 55+ GCE Professional. They allow you to make cuts 15% deeper, using a standard disk with a diameter of 165 mm. This was made possible thanks to the new transmission mechanism of the two-stage gearbox. The Central gear of the new circular saws is much smaller than that of the predecessor model, and the second gear, which transmits rotation to the disk itself, is shifted downwards. As a result, the saw blade can now sink deeper.
Circular saw GKS 55+G
The development of disc saws designs takes place in the direction of universalization. Individual circular saws with a depth of cut more than 100 mm and a power consumption of more than 2000 W can be equipped with a tool for milling grooves of various shapes. When installed in a stationary position (in the form of a portable machine with an additional table) provides sawing parquet rivets, cut various types of grooves and spikes.
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