Walking through the coniferous forest in search of mushrooms, summer residents usually do not pay attention to the trees themselves. Quite enough fresh fragrant air and the rustle of fallen needles.
Needles underfoot is not alarming: we know that the needles are changed leaves, and they also fall off, and instead of the fallen grow new ones. However, the needles do not fall off as the leaves-not every autumn, but in a special order determined by the tree itself.
Schutte-disease of conifers
Quite a different attitude to coniferous plants on their own site. Such diseases are called Schutte. The name comes from the German verb schĆ¼tten ā€“ pour. That is, the needles fall off. The causative agents of the disease are fungi, they lead to changes in the color of the needles, their death and fall. The disease has many faces, now there are several types of Schutte.
Ordinary pine Shute
Harm two species of fungi. In nurseries, the seedlings destroying one, at the age of 6-14 years are rampant both in the older age dominates the second. It is difficult to notice the beginning of the disease: after all, at a time when the first signs appear (this is the end of October and the beginning of November), summer residents have already left their plots, moving to the comfort of city apartments.
Diagnosis of diseases
Spores overwinter in the old fallen needles, so the infection is possible throughout the growing season, but more often it occurs in late summer, during the maturation of spores. First, yellow spots appear on the needles. Then the pycnidia of the fungus occupy part of the needles. In the spring, only snow melts, needles blush and die. From young three-year-old trees it will fall during the first year. In adult trees, needles fall from the lower branches, because the damage is not too great, and young plants die, because they remain without needles.
Prevention and treatment
- To buy saplings in nurseries where plantings are under phytosanitary control. At least this is some kind of guarantee. If the site is located near the pine, the likelihood of disease increases.
- Do not plant pine trees in low places where water stagnation is possible. Loamy and heavy clay soils are also undesirable. To do the treatment with fungicides twice during the summer:
- the first ā€” in late June or early July;
- the second-in the second half of July. This is the main treatment, it can be repeated (often in 3 admission at intervals of two weeks), but not later than the beginning of September. That is, the timing for the regions may be different-depending on the weather.
Snowy Schutte (fachidiot) of pine and spruce
The biggest harm causes 5-6-year-old plants.
Diagnostics
Needles are infected in October-November, when there are small subzero temperatures. It appears grayish-white coating, similar to cobweb. It is the mycelium of the fungus that penetrates the stomata. It is able to do this even in the snow, at -5Ā°C, the higher the snow, the stronger the damage to the trees.
Please note: the temperature of the snow cover for plants of different ages.
In spring, the needles become reddish, dry up, but do not fall off. Over time, the color changes to ash, the needles become brittle. It’s ripe fruit bodies.
Disputes fly at the end of September-October, sometimes in the middle of winter, if there are thaws.
Prevention and treatment
- Plant plants in places where there is no snow and snow drifts, away from pine trees.
- Treatment with fungicides after autumn rains to keep the drug on the plants before going under the snow. However, for regions, the timing and number of treatments may be different.
Schutte brown or brown snow mold
Infected in autumn, when the controversy flying with dead pine needles. The fungus lives and develops under snow if the temperature in the layer is +0.5Ā°C. the Best conditions are very humid and slightly warm. Snow was melting-the first signs of the disease are visible.
Diagnostics
On the coniferous visible dark mycelium in the form of cobwebs, he weaves needles and branches, as if gluing them. The needles turn brown and die, but not fall.
Prevention and treatment
Spring to accelerate the melting of snow, to cut the diseased branches and burn them. Treatment with fungicides is the same as with other types of Schutte.
Fir-tree Schutte
The first signs become visible in the spring on last year’s needles. Needles change color to brown and dry, but do not fall off. Controversy flying in September and October, especially intense during the rains.
Prevention and treatment
The measures are the same as for the ordinary Schutte.
Schutte pine Weymouth
Beautiful, and therefore loved by gardeners.
Diagnostics
Two species of fungi parasitize. With the defeat of Leptostroma affected needles on individual branches of the crown: dries, changes color to brown. Located along the needles tiny black bubbles is a stage start fruiting.
Other pathogen ā€” Hyphoderma brachysporum ā€” makes summer the needles turn brown and crumble.
Usually affects the old needles, but young can be populated by parasites.
Prevention and treatment
The disease is considered to be little studied. The use of fungicides.
Juniper Shute
Three fungi parasitize.
Diagnostics
Needles throughout the crown brown and dries up. Along the needles are formed dark gray or brown pads. The pests overwinter on dead needles that remain on the branches. Most plants suffer from too thick plantings.
Prevention and treatment
The disease is considered to be little studied. The use of fungicides.
General rules for the protection of conifers from Schutte
- Removal and burning of fallen needles.
- Growing on well-lit areas.
- Elimination of thickening of landings.
- Cultivation of forms and varieties resistant to diseases.
Do not forget that the needles can fall for several reasons:
- every year part of the needles is updated;
- with the deteriorating soil conditions;
- air pollution;
- when damaged by insects;
- in adverse weather conditions;
- because of disease.
The latter is the most common cause. At the first signs of the disease, it is better to immediately start searching for the pathogen and methods of treatment than to think that everything will pass by itself.
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