Recently in the capital of Russia there was a significant event: on September 9 in the center of Moscow the Zaryadye Park opened. The new landscape Park is a modern building with a developed infrastructure, which has a unique landscape and architectural concept.
About the place
Zaryadye Park is divided into areas with a long and complex history. Zaryadye is a historical district of Moscow, the first mention of which dates back to 1365, and the first settlements of the so-called commercial people were here in the XII century. The convenient location between the Moscow Kremlin and the pier on the Moscow river made this area an important trading platform of the medieval city.
In the XVI century, Zaryadye has become a prestigious district: here lived the nobles, rich merchants – Russian and foreign.
At the beginning of the XX century, the slums of Zaryadye began to demolish – in the plans of the Soviet government was the construction of a high-rise building of heavy industry near the Kremlin. Architectural stars of that era were involved in the design.
But this building was never built. Later, another grandiose construction was planned on this site – the building of the Council of people’s Commissars. The implementation of this project was prevented by the Great Patriotic war. In 1947, in the year of the 800th anniversary of Moscow, in Zaryadye was laid another Grand structure-the eighth of Stalin’s skyscrapers, which was planned to accommodate the administrative building. After Stalin’s death, construction stopped, only managed to build a two-level underground bunker, a powerful stylobate over it and metal structures to the level of the eighth floor.
The metal frame was dismantled, and the construction of a giant hotel “Russia”began on the preserved stylobate in 1962. In 1970, it was the largest in the world, and this achievement is recorded in the Guinness book of records.
In 2004, it was decided to demolish the hotel as “dilapidated and obsolete”, although the dismantling of the structure took more time than its construction, and at the time of its closure (in 2006),” Russia ” is still included in the list of the largest hotels in the world, occupying the nineteenth line. By 2009, the dismantling of “Russia” was over, and in the center of Moscow formed a giant wasteland, fenced with the most expensive advertising space – a fence that was above the Kremlin wall.
About the project
The grandiose project is a joint brainchild of landscape architects and engineers from several countries. A joint project of the new York architectural Bureau “Diller Scofidio + Renfro” and Moscow “Citymakers” won the competition for the design of the Park area near the Kremlin.
In addition to the main architectural line (“Diller Scofidio + Renfro”), the development of landscape architecture was engaged in the Bureau “Hargreaves Associates”, climatic engineering – the company “Transsolar”, designs and engineering communications – “BuroHappold Engineering”.
The implemented project is interesting not only for its scale, but primarily the concept of so – called natural urbanism-a combination of developed urban environment and nature.
About the concept
The Park is a symbol of nature – the whole territory is divided into four zones corresponding to the main natural landscapes:
- mixed forests – areas with coniferous and broad-leaved plants;
- the Northern landscape – the plants of the tundra;
- steppes-fragrant herbs and cereals;
- flood meadows-two ponds and corresponding floodplain meadow vegetation.
In addition to these four zones, visitors will be able to see the polar regions of the country – in an Ice cave. Here will be presented the vegetation of the Arctic, and the exhibition will tell about the history of development of the North.
Those wishing to visit The ice cave should attend to the presence of warm clothes: in the pavilion created a real ice – frozen about 70 tons of water. To prevent the artificial ice from melting, this room will be maintained minus temperature-up to -5 degrees.
There is a place for the subtropical zone. Exotic plants growing in the southern regions of our country will settle in the florarium – an underground greenhouse under a glass dome, arranged under the ” Reserved Embassy “-the scientific and educational center “Zaryadye”. Plants will be grown on “space” technologies: in a similar way – without soil – plants are grown on the orbital station. In total, the greenhouse will have 500 representatives of 30 species of tropical and subtropical flora.
In total, almost a million annual and perennial plants have already been planted in the Park. Including-seven hundred sixty trees and about seven thousand bushes.
About the construction
The construction of the Park cost the Moscow government more than 400 million dollars. Among the constructed objects there are several, which are worth mentioning.
“Soaring bridge”
Unique in its design observation deck. Departure unsupported console 70 metres. And the total length of the overpass is 244 meters. The concrete structure is ready to withstand a load of 240 tons, that is, at the same time on the observation deck can be about 4000 people.
«Ice cave»
As mentioned above, all the surfaces of this maze are covered with real ice, and the climate control system will maintain a constant temperature regardless of the temperature on the street.
“Glass bark”
Today it is the largest translucent structure in the world – the dome covers an area of about one hectare. “Glass crust” covers the amphitheatre concert area.
In addition to the construction of new facilities, historical buildings in the Park were restored and the embankment was reconstructed.
About technology
Zaryadye Park is not just trees, bushes, lawns and paths. The creators have introduced a lot of” smart ” technologies.
To begin with-this is the only Park in our country, fully equipped with an underground automatic drip irrigation system. Its length is more than 27 kilometers. Since the Park planted plants from different climatic zones, all of them are watered autonomously – depending on the requirements and weather conditions, this is followed by automation.
The Park is equipped with a vacuum system of garbage disposal-the garbage thrown out by visitors in ballot boxes is removed by vacuum and pressed in the special stores located underground.
In the “charge” installed 2460 led lights, not just illuminating the track. Each luminaire has a control that can be used to create different lighting scenarios. In winter, the Park will be illuminated in warm colors, and in summer – in cold.
“Glass bark” is equipped with solar panels built into the glass panels. According to the authors, under the dome even in winter there will be a plus temperature and all year round – green plants.
Zaryadye Park, a new generation, standing on a par with Chicago’s Millennium Park, new York “High-Lyne” or Park “the Cheonggyecheon”, arranged in the former the gutter of Seoul. As the mayor of Moscow said: “Zaryadye Park is the largest project to create a quality urban environment.”
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